Additional Learning Resources

RESEARCH DESIGN
The data of research manuscripts submitted to JKAHS should be no older than five years. The following points should be kept in mind by the author for different types of research methods/designs.
A. Qualitative Research: Tit involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., opinion, experience, feeling, etc. in the form of text, audio, or video). This research method is useful to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research. The author must follow the SRQR  guidelines to prepare a research article on qualitative research.
B. Quantitative Study: This method emphasizes objective measurements and the statistical, numerical/mathematical analysis of data using the computational technique. It is of mainly two types: observational and experimental.

  1. Observational research design: In this type of research design, the researcher observes the participants and phenomena in their most natural settings. The author must follow the STROBE guidelines to prepare a research article
  2. Cross-sectional Study: Recent primary data – collected within five years, and variables not less than five. Should answer the “what” rather than ‘how’? Findings must include the prevalence of the study (dependent) variable
    A. Descriptive cross-sectional research: Descriptive statistics like frequency distribution tables, and at least one measure of central tendency and measure of dispersion must be included. The data has to be tabulated (3 to 6 tables) and presented graphically (2-4 figures) based on its nature.
    B. Analytical cross-sectional research: At least inferential statistics like the chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA test, correlation, and regression must be applied for the analytical study. Test statistics like the chi-square test value or t-value must be provided. The absolute p-value must be provided. The Odds Ratio can be applied if necessary.
    C. Cohort Study (prospective study): It is a particular form of a longitudinal study in that sample is a cohort, performing a cross-sectional study at certain intervals of time, and collected data were analyzed to conclude.
        1. Must define cohort group according to exposure and non-exposure group.
        2. Follow-up is a must in the cohort research design, & it should be done more than three times.
        3. Findings must include the incidence of the study (dependent) variable.
        4. The analytical part of this study must include relative risk (RR).
    D. Case-control (retrospective study): It is a particular form of retrospective study where participants were selected for the study based on their outcome status. Thus, some participants have the outcome of the researchers' interest (referred to as cases), and others don’t have the outcome of interest (referred to as control).
    • Must define two groups of matched-pair: case (diseased) and control (no diseased).
    • Data will be collected through interview/questionnaire methods or from the register maintained at the institute or hospital.
    • The analytical part of this study must include Odds Ratio (OR).
  1. Case Series or Report: The author must follow the CAREguidelines to prepare a case report.
  2. Experimental Research
    A. Randomized Control Trial (RCT): The author must follow the CONSORT guidelines to prepare a research article on the following type of observational study.
    B. Non-Randomized Control Trial (NRCT) or Quasi-experimental Research: The author must follow the TREND (guidelines to prepare a research article on the following type of observational study. The guidelines are available on the website of the equator network (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research; https://equator-network.org)  
  3. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (SRMA): The author must follow the PRISMAguidelines to prepare a research article on systematic review and meta-analysis. Click to Explore More ...