Morphological variations of tongue shape in pediatric patients attending dental OPD of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61814/jkahs.v5i3.760Keywords:
Biometric, Forensic, Tongue printAbstract
Background: The morphology and surface features are characteristics of any individual and these are used for forensic identification too. For this purpose, tongue print has also been an important milieu for identification. This study was aimed to study the variations of tongue shape in pediatric patients visiting Kanti Children’s Hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 pediatric patients visiting the dental outpatient department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patients were asked to protrude tongue in relaxed position, after which a photograph was taken and the tongue shape, borders and texture were evaluated. The study results were analyzed using descriptive statistical method with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.
Results: Total 224 children with the mean age 7.91 ±1.96 years participated in the study. Among the participants half of the participants were male. The U-shaped tongue was highly prevalent 137 (61.2%). Among the study population, 204 (91.1%) had smooth tongue and 206 (92%) had absence of fissures in the tongue. Among the participant’s, U shaped tongue was more in males than in females while V shaped tongue was more in females. Smooth border of the tongue was more in females (93%).
Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that variations of tongue were observed among gender in Nepalese pediatric population. The U-shaped tongue was present more among male while V shaped tongue was more in female children.
References
Singh J, Singh S, Saleem M, Chandra S, Lodhi N, Chang CP. Tongue and its ties: posterior tongue width in gender estimation - a forensic gratuity. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2020;11(1):53-6.
https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.NJMS_40_19
Radhika T, Jeddy N, Nithya S. Tongue prints: A novel biometric and potential forensic tool. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2016;8(3):117-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.195119
Venkatesh SB, Kamath V, Hasbullah NB, Binti Abdul Mutalib NSS, Bin Mohamad Nazeri MS, Bin Malik Putera AS, et al. A preliminary study of tongue prints for biometric authentication. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2019 Dec 31;20(12). https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.96173
Beghini M, Pereira TL, Montes JMC, De Moura D, Dezem TU. Morphometric analysis of tongue in individuals of European and African ancestry. Journal of Forensic Investigation. 2017;5(1):2330-0396.1000038. https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000038
Garg K, Sachdev R, Shwetam S, Saxena S, Mehrotra V, Srivastava A. Evaluation of morphological characteristic and varieties of tongue prints for personal identification in Kanpur communities: An impression-based analysis. The Saint's International Dental Journal. 2020;4(1).
https://doi.org/10.4103/sidj.sidj_19_20
Johnson A. A Morphological study of tongue and its role in forensics odontology. Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation. 2018;7(5). https://doi.org/10.19080/JFSCI.2018.07.555723
Panchbhai A, Parida R. Evaluation of human tongue morphology and tongue groove patterns to explore its potential as a forensic aid. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021:7164-72. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/3331
Nimbulkar G, Patil R, Nathani S, Salve S, Chhabra KG, Reche SDA. Tongue prints: a forensic review. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020;14(4):6802-6. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12688
Pradkhshana V, Supriya S, Shaleen C, Nilesh P, Priyanka S, Yash S. A study on evaluation of various tongue patterns in North Indian population and a working classification system for these tongue print patterns. International Healthcare Research Journal. 2019;3(2):76-9.
https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0302.05.521081
Jayan L, Bharanidharan R, Ramya R, Priyadharsini N, Kumar A. Tongue morphometry: Evaluation of morphological variations in ethnic Tamil population. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2019;10(3).
https://doi.org/10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_39_19
Sreepradha C, Vaishali M, David M. Tongue replica for personal identification: a digital photographic study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2019;31(1):57-61.
Shinde SB, Sheikh NN, Ashwinirani S, Nayak A, Kamla K, Sande A. Prevalence of tongue lesions in western population of Maharashtra. Int J Applied Dent Sci. 2017;3(3):104-8. https://www.oraljournal.com/pdf/2017/vol3issue3/PartB/3-3-13-204.pdf
Huang B, Wu J, Zhang D, Li N. Tongue shape classification by geometric features. Information Sciences. 2010;180(2):312-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2009.09.016
Jeddy N, Radhika T, Nithya S. Tongue prints in biometric authentication: A pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2017;21(1):176-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_185_15
Garg K, Sachdev R, Singh G, Singh PJ, Chauhan SS. Tongue prints: an emerging biometric forensic tool. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2019;13(4):88-90.
https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00267.6
Godbole M, Narang B, Palaskar S. Tongue scanning as a biometric tool: a review article. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 2020;10(4):108-14. https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.10_Issue.4_April2020/17.pdf
Astekar M. Lingual Morphology: A Secure Method for Forensic Identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation. 2018;9(2). https://doi.org/10.19080/JFSCI.2018.09.555759
Singh J, Singh S, Saleem M, Chandra S, Lodhi N, Chang CP. Tongue and its ties: Posterior tongue width in gender estimation-A forensic gratuity. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020;11(1):53. https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.NJMS_40_19
Ménard L, Aubin J, Thibeault M, Richard G. Measuring tongue shapes and positions with ultrasound imaging: A validation experiment using an articulatory model. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica. 2012;64(2):64-72. https://doi.org/10.1159/000331997
Yan Z, Wang K, Li N. Computerized feature quantification of sublingual veins from color sublingual images. computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 2009;93(2):192-205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.09.006
Stefanescu CL, Popa MF, Candea LS. Preliminary study on the tongue-based forensic identification. Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine. 2014;22(4):263-6. https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2014.263
Bejdová Š, Krajíček V, Velemínská J, Horák M, Velemínský P. Changes in the sexual dimorphism of the human mandible during the last 1200 years in Central Europe. HOMO. 2013;64(6):437-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2013.05.003
Mangla R, Singh N, Dua V, Padmanabhan P, Khanna M. Evaluation of mandibular morphology in different facial types. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2011;2(3):200-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.86458
Pokharel M, Shrestha SL. Cephalometric evaluation of Brahmins of Kathmandu, Nepal based on Jarabak's analysis. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College. 2019;8(1):13-9. https://doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v8i1.25263
Siddiqua A, Abubaker P, Saraswati F, Thakur N. Bifid tongue: differential diagnosis and a case report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. 2015;27(5):686-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.01.006
Surej KL, Kurien NM, Sivan MP. Isolated congenital bifid tongue. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2010;1(2):187-9.https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-5950.79228
Sperber GH, Geoffrey H. Sperber GDGSMS, Wald J, Gutterman GD, Sperber SM. Craniofacial Development (Book for Windows & Macintosh): B C Decker; 2001.
Carlson DS, Buschang PH. Craniofacial growth and development: evidence-based perspectives. Orthodontics: Current principles and techniques LW Graber editor 5th Edition ed: Mosby. 2011:215-46.
Mattoo KA. Tongue crenation (scalloped tongue)-case report. JMSCR. 2017;5(9):28201-3.
https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i9.139
Lee Y-S, Ryu J, Baek S-H, Lim WH, Yang I-H, Kim T-W, et al. Comparative analysis of the differences in dentofacial morphology according to the tongue and lip pressure. Diagnostics. 2021;11(3):503. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030503
Tomooka K, Tanigawa T, Sakurai S, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Nishioka S, et al. Scalloped tongue is associated with nocturnal intermittent hypoxia among community-dwelling Japanese: the Toon Health Study. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(8):602-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12526
Weiss TM, Atanasov S, Calhoun KH. The association of tongue scalloping with obstructive sleep apnea and related sleep pathology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(6):966-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.018
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Rajib Chaulagain, Amita Rai
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author(s) retain the copyright and the full publishing right without restriction under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) which allows readers to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially, provided the work is properly attributed. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Author(s) grant the non-exclusive publishing right to the Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (JKAHS). The publishing rights include the rights to publish, reproduce, distribute, include in indexes or search databases or other media in print or online. The JKAHS may require revisions to the manuscript before acceptance for publication or may choose not to publish it based on the judgement of the editors. Further, JKAHS might retract, withdraw, or publish a correction or other notice after publication, if such publication would be inconsistent with the good publication practices and associated guidelines set forth by the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) (https://publicationethics.org/core-practices).
More information about the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License can be found in the webpage of Creative Commons (CC) by following the link provided below: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/